Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in developing countries. While it seldom causes clinically important complications, it can cause complications in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly post-transplantation, due to the use of high doses of immunosuppressives. Furthermore, H. pylori infection can directly lead to anemia or contribute to it through gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Nobi et al. (2024) studied this question.
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