Numerical analysis of natural convection in a porous circular bend

The study of natural convection in porous circular bends is pivotal due to its applications in various cooling system designs. This paper focuses on a circular bend with a heated inner wall and a colder outer wall, employing the finite difference method to solve the governing equations. The research encompasses Rayleigh numbers ranging from 20 to 750 and an aspect ratio (defined as R=R2−R1R1) from 1.0 to 2.0. The findings highlight that variations in Rayleigh numbers and the circle's radius significantly enhance heat transfer rates via convection, underscoring their critical roles in influencing flow and heat transfer within this configuration. It is also observed that theNuAvg on the heated wall increase with the increase in R. It is observed that for R = 0.75, NuAvg is 8.8 and for R = 1.5, NuAvg is increase to 9.7.