NDV Epidemiology and Pathogenesis in Poultry: Current Status and Emerging Perspectives with Special Reference to Situation in Egypt

Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious infectious disease of bird species triggered by AvianOrthoavula virus 1 (AOAvV-1) which was previously called ND virus and it infects morethan 200 poultry types. The disease is highly devastating in susceptible bird species. InEgypt, despite the application of colossal vaccinations for controlling ND since severaldecades, the illness remains one of the most destructive diseases that impacts enormouschicken farms. Continuous mutations of NDV have led to twenty genotypes, and geneticvariation could cause disease epidemics in previously immunized birds. Recently, NDVgenotype VII (NDV GVII) become the source of the current epidemics all over the worldincluding Egypt. One of the most critical features for NDV control is a thoroughunderstanding of the pathophysiology of NDV particularly genotype VII in various poultryspecies. This review sheds light on some important aspects of the epidemiology andpathogenesis of NDV in general and NDV GVII especially.