Gedunin induces apoptosis and inhibits HMBG1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in a rat model of gastric carcinogenesis induced by methylnitronitrosoguanidine

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of gedunin, a natural compound, in a rat model of gastric carcinogenesis induced by MNNG. Material and methods Fifty-four rats were randomly assigned to six groups for a 60-day study on the effects of MNNG and gedunin. Groups 1–4 received 200 mg/kg MNNG (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg), and group 5 had only 100 mg/kg gedunin. Results Gedunin at low doses exhibited anti-cancer and protective properties against MNNG-induced damage, including reduced inflammation, and apoptosis. Conclusions Gedunin demonstrates a U-shaped dose-response, with low doses offering protection and high doses promoting tumor growth.