Bone Regenerative Potential After Immediate Dental Implant Using Osseodensifying Densah Drills Compared to Conventional Drills in Dog’s Maxilla

Background Osseodensification is a novel technique that uses drills designed to promote bone self-compaction while preparing the implant osteotomy. This study investigated the bone regenerative potential after immediate implant insertion using osseodensifying densah drills compared to conventional drills in dog’s maxilla. Methodology: Eight adult male mongrel dogs were randomly distributed into three groups, and the split-mouth technique was used. Atraumatic extraction of the maxillary second premolar was performed in all dogs. Control group: the distal roots of the second premolar were extracted and served as control. Group I was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup IA: the mesial socket of the second premolar was drilled using NucleOSS drills, while the osseodensifying densah burs prepared subgroup IB. The dogs were euthanized immediately after osteotomy preparation. Group II was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup IIA: osteotomy preparation was performed by NucleOSS drills, while densah burs prepared subgroup IIB, then NucleOSS T6 implants were inserted in both subgroups. The dogs were euthanized after two months of implant insertion. Specimens were stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin as well as Masson Trichrome stain. Histomorphometric analysis was done to evaluate the bone area percentage and amount of mature bone around implants. Cone beam computed tomography was used to measure bone density. Independent t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the results. Results Subgroup IA showed microcracks and areas of thermal osteonecrosis around the drilling site. Subgroup IB showed remnants of bone chips that were compressed into the bone marrow spaces of the osteotomy wall. The bone area percentage and bone density around implants in subgroup IIB were significantly higher than in subgroup IIA (P < 0.05). Conclusion Osseodensification is an effective technique for increasing bone density and rapid osseointegration around implants in areas of poor bone quality, which is considered a promising sign of long-term clinical success.