Atezolizumab-induced encephalitis in a patient with metastatic small cell lung cancer: A clinical case and literature review

The emergence of immunotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer has become a breakthrough in the clinical practice of oncologists. Immunotherapeutic drugs include checkpoint inhibitors, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor. However, their widespread use directly correlates not only with the rate of positive responses to therapy, but also with the rate of immune-mediated adverse events. The main mechanism of which is hyperactivation of T lymphocytes.