El reconocimiento legal LGBTI y sus factores determinantes a nivel mundial: evidencia de datos de panel de 144 países (1966-2011)

LGBTI rights vary globally across regions and countries, and although factors such as political institutions and religion are known to influence this variation, the nature and form of these relationships are understudied and often modeled linearly or without considering important aspects highlighted in the literature, such as institutional persistence or the influence of the past. Using the Global Index of Legal Recognition of Homosexual Orientation (GILRHO) and various institutional, cultural, and demographic indicators compiled in the Quality of Government Dataset, a panel of 144 countries was analyzed over 45 years. To achieve the objective of identifying the determining factors of legal recognition for LGBTI individuals, robust dynamic panel data models were used to account for dynamic panel bias and non-normal disturbances in errors (serial autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and contemporaneous correlation). It was found that the relationship between institutions, inclusion, and religion in LGBTI legal recognition is non-linear and intertemporal (it means that past institutional factors influence present day outcomes). The results are consistent with what is discussed in the literature on LGBTI legal recognition in the context of comparative political science.