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The paper describes the mutual correlation between the complex systems and the simple ones through the prism of the micro based entities like viruses. The carbon based biochemical beings in their capacity of complex systems are in a constant coexistence with viruses representing the simplest biological system, which unintendedly may destroy their host. On the other hand, the digital viruses also operate in an environment, where they can spread causing the same consequences for the complex system they use as a host. The article explicitly shows what are the similarities between the two entities, which can cause the same ontological outcomes, although they belong to different evolutionary paradigms.
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P Nikolov (2024) studied this question.
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