As manufacturers are adopting data-driven decisions and processes, manufacturing is becoming more vulnerable to digital threats, making data security a major challenge for Industry 4.0. More specifically, data manipulation is considered a serious threat to organizations with significant and damaging consequences. Adopting a cybersecurity framework is essential to protect organizations against these cyber threats. These frameworks are often generic, unopinionated, and only provide high-level guidance for mitigating cyber risk. Our objective is to find a framework that offers a solid foundation we can customize to support our needs for addressing data manipulation risk. This paper aims to review cybersecurity frameworks and identify the most customizable, yet opinionated, option.
Toussaint et al. (2024) studied this question.