Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Octahedral Sb₂O₃-rGO as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Antimony-based materials for lithium-ion storage are gaining attention as anode materials due to their high theoretical capacity. However, their volume expansion during the charge–discharge process causes a rapid capacity drop and low-cycle stability. To deal with these problems, we synthesized uniform octahedral antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) through the colloidal method and combined Sb2O3 with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the synthesis of octahedra Sb2O3 anchoring on the surface of rGO (Sb2O3-rGO) well. The galvanostatic charge/discharge (CD) test and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to estimate the electrochemical reaction of Sb2O3-rGO. To assess its kinetics, an analysis of CV curves at different scan rates and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique were conducted. The Sb2O3-rGO exhibited high discharge capacity (744.0 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1 after 310th cycle) and cycle stability (386.9 mAh g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 after 1200th cycle).