Impact of drops of a nanoparticle dispersion in a viscoelastic liquid

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The evaluation of nanoparticle dispersion within viscoelastic fluids upon impact on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces is conducted using the Euler-Lagrangian technique. The volume-of-fluid approach is employed in conjunction with the Lagrangian method to model the transport of nanoparticles in a three-phase system (particles-air-viscoelastic fluid). The assessment of nanoparticle dispersion was conducted over a range of Péclet numbers and contact angles (θ=30° and 120°) in three-dimensional (3D) space using the mean square displacement method. The findings suggest that the dispersion of nanoparticles is mainly influenced by normal stress. During droplet impact, nanoparticles exhibit non-Fickian superdiffusive behaviour due to the viscoelastic fluid's non-Gaussian distribution of velocity and stresses (normal and shear) fields. The wettability of the fluid with solid surfaces substantially affected the dispersion of nanoparticles in the viscoelastic fluid.