FIGURE 1 from Immune Profiling of Vulvar Squamous Cell Cancer Discovers a Macrophage-rich Subtype Associated with Poor Prognosis

CD163⁺ TAMs are abundant in VSCC. A, Representative images show high CD163 expression in TAMs (brown cytoplasm/cell membrane) in tumor and stroma as visualized by IHC; hematoxylin (blue) was used for nuclear staining (bright field, 400 × magnification; scale bar length 50 µm). B, CD163 immunoreactivity was digitally recorded and analyzed separately in tumor and stroma using three HPFs; results are shown as mean immunoreactivity per tissue compartment in percent. CD68⁺, CD3⁺, Foxp3⁺, and CD20⁺ immune cell counts were determined in relation to stroma and tumor, respectively. Individual datapoints, shown as dots, overlap summary statistics boxplots with medians represented by horizontal center lines; a split axis is used for CD68 immunoreactivity. Significance analysis by two-sided Mann–Whitney U test with Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. C, Representative images of D2-40–stained lymphatic and CD31-stained vascular endothelium in the peritumoral stroma (brown; bright field, 400 × magnification; scale bar length 50 µm).