Microbial Partners In Disease: Understanding The Role Of Gut Microbiota In Diabetes

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.Diagnosis involves assessing glucose levels, managed through lifestyle changes and medication.Recent research highlights personalized treatment approaches.The gut microbiota, consisting of diverse microorganisms, influences metabolism and immunity.Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbes, correlates with T2DM and metabolic dysfunction.Dysbiosis disrupts microbial metabolites, alters gut barrier function, and impacts the gut-brain axis, contributing to T2DM development.Understanding dysbiosis' role in T2DM pathogenesis is vital for developing tailored interventions targeting the gut microbiota.Further research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms and personalize therapeutic strategies for T2DM management.OBJETIVE: Analyze and describe the main aspects of microbiota in T2DM and glucose metabolism in the last years.METHODS: This is a narrative review, in which the main aspects of the main aspects of microbiota in T2DM and glucose metabolism in recent years were analyzed, included studies in the MEDLINE -PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Glucose metabolism is intricately regulated by various hormones and enzymes, with dysregulation implicated in metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes (T2DM).The gut microbiota, influenced by factors such as diet and lifestyle, plays a significant role in modulating glucose metabolism through microbial-derived metabolites.Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been linked to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, contributing to T2DM pathogenesis.