Andreev reflection mediated ΔT noise

Quantum noise has been extensively utilized to investigate various aspects of quantum transport, such as current-current correlations and wave-particle duality. A recent focus in this field is on ΔT quantum noise, which arises because of a finite temperature difference at vanishing charge current. This paper explores the characterization of ΔT noise auto-correlation alongside the shot noise and thermal-noise contributions in a 1D metal/insulator/superconductor junction. We consider a finite temperature gradient with zero applied bias for reservoirs at comparable temperatures. Andreev reflection enhances the ΔT noise in a metal-insulator-superconductor junction in contrast to a metal-insulator-metal junction in the transparent limit. Unlike quantum noise for which shot-noise dominates thermal-noise at large bias voltages and finite barrier strength, ΔT thermal-noise is always higher than ΔT shot-noise. Thus, a general bound that is independent of barrier strength is established. This investigation sheds light on the distinct behavior of ΔT noise, alongside the ratio of shot-noise to thermal-noise contributions, offering valuable insights into the intricate interplay between finite temperature gradient, barrier strength, and Andreev reflection.