The global prevalence and intricacies of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations have been on the rise, especially with introduction of cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D).1,2 However, this advancement in procedures has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in rate of complications. In particular, symptomatic lead-related venous obstruction is a serious complication affecting 1 out of every 20 patients with CIEDs.3 It can cause facial and upper extremity edema, as well as dysdialysis syndrome in patients on hemodialysis.
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Isawa et al. (2024) studied this question.
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