This study examines the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), corruption mitigation, stock market, e-commerce and energy consumption on environmental quality in 54 countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from 1996 to 2016. Using various econometric techniques, the study finds that anti-corruption efforts and financial development have positive impacts on environmental quality, while economic growth, FDI and urbanization have negative impacts. This study also reveals that FDI and corruption control have a significant interaction effect on CO 2 emissions. This study provides important insights and policy implications for achieving sustainable development in BRI countries.
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Khalid et al. (2024) studied this question.
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