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In this paper, we report the latest advances in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of the three primary colors red, blue, and green optimized for ultra high-power operation to achieve highest luminance and radiance values. These kinds of LEDs are mainly used in étendue-limited applications, particularly projectors. For the three colors different material systems are used: AlInGaP for red and InGaN for blue and green, while green uses a blue chip combined with a green ceramic converter. The chip designs and epitaxies have been modified compared to lower power versions to withstand high current densities up 6.6 A/mm² for blue, up to 4.5 A/mm² for red. The LED chips have been optimized at this operating point. The latest improvements show an increase of 8% in luminance for red, 17% for green, and 15% in radiance for blue compared to the previous generation. The LEDs using the latest improvement measures are setting the benchmark for ultra high-power LED technology.
Schulz et al. (2024) studied this question.