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According to textual sources, there are some 140 Jewish cemeteries dating from the Middle Ages in present-day France. Few of these have been precisely located, and even fewer have been studied by archaeologists, as only five "houses of the living" have been scientifically excavated. Stripped of their steles after the expulsions, they have disappeared from the landscape. However, in some forty towns, inscriptions found off-site provide irreplaceable "archives of the soil" (Leroi-Gourhan). What do these sites contribute to our knowledge of medieval Judaism? What problems does the excavation of these exceptional sources of knowledge pose? How can we advance the study of these sites?
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Nadia Malinovich (2024) studied this question.
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