The Types and Functions of Lexico – Grammatical Parallelism in the Political Speeches of Presidents of the Usa and Ukraine

The article considers the types and functions of parallel structures in the political discourse.The use of grammar forms in lexicogrammatical parallelism is investigated on the basis of the speeches of the American Presidents John Kennedy and Joseph Biden as well as the Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi.Parallelism is defined as repetition of syntactic structure in two or more adjacent sentences.The term "lexicogrammatical parallelism" means that the repeated part of the sentence model consists of both word repetition and the grammatical (syntactic) repetition (G.Leech).In the four analyzed speeches, 66 examples of parallel structures were examined.Only 22 structures are based on complete parallelism, while 44 sentences involve partial parallelism with some variations in the structure.The main grammar forms used in the parallel structures are modal verbs (12 sentences), the forms of the Present Continuous Tense (15 utterances) and imperative sentences.In the speech of John Kennedy the most common form is imperative sentences, the semantics of which involves the appeal to the American nation, to the countries with different socio-political system to unite, to jointly resolve crucial global problems.The two recent speeches by Joseph Biden contain mainly the forms of modal verbs (10 sentences) which render the decisiveness to solve global problems of peace and climate change, to stop Putin's aggression, and to support Ukraine and Israel.The semantic functions of the Present Continuous Tense forms in the speeches of Presidents Biden and Zelenskyi consist in stressing the importance of the current actions in the solution of the global issues and condemning the policy of Putin's Russia for weaponizing energy, grain and children's future.A distinctive feature of John Kennedy's speech is the use of reverse parallelism, and Joseph Biden's speeches include frame repetitions which foreground the main ideas and the importance of joint efforts to fight aggression.