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Nowadays, ATMs are most commonly used to transact money. As a result, ATM fraud has become the most common problem in recent years. The primary reason for these types of operations is attacks against the 4-digit PIN (Personal Identification Number), which is used as a password for ATM authentication. Attacks in ATMs such as shoulder surfing and filming attacks are becoming increasingly common. The PIN number is susceptible to these kinds of attacks since it is not sufficiently secured. This article suggests an ATM design that combines a cardless and IoT architecture to increase security. The proposed solution provides a two-level security framework, which makes the ATM transactions entirely safe. The recommended strategy uses penetration testing approaches that are safe from these kinds of attacks. For pin entry, the proposed system makes use of the session key technique, modified black-white method and black-white method. The proposed system's primary objective is to provide an Android application that can be downloaded on a mobile device and perform ATM transactions. The concept of virtual money is also used. The hash function is additionally used to securely transmit the PIN across open channels.
Pradeep et al. (2024) studied this question.