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The Yarlung Tsangbo Grand Canyon, situated in the eastern section of the Himalayas, serves as the most important channel for transporting South Asian monsoon water vapor to the Tibetan Plateau. However, owing to the lack of observational data, the rainfall characteristics in this region remain unclear. In this study, a vertical observation network, characterized by intervals of approximately 300 meters between 800 and 4200 meters, was established within the canyon. Based on the analysis of in situ data from 2020 to 2022, the results demonstrate that: (1) A rainfall peak manifests at approximately 2,400 meters above mean sea level, with an average rainfall amount exceeding 2,800 mm during the South Asian summer monsoon season (May to October); (2) Heavy rainfall accounts for the largest contribution in excess of 30% to the total precipitation; (3) The diurnal cycle of rainfall exhibits a single nocturnal peak with the amplitude increases and then decreases with increasing altitude. The spatiotemporal characteristics of rainfall indicate the unique climate within the canyon. Furthermore, the insights derived from this study provide the crucial observational support to improve satellite inversion inaccuracies and simulation biases inherent in weather and climate models specific to the Yarlung Tsangbo Grand Canyon.
Cao et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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