Use of Ground-Based Interferometric Radars (GB-InRa) as remote, real-time landslide early-warning systems

Ageing of existing infrastructure, man-made intervention and increasing effects of climate change are expected to intensify the pressure on Critical Infrastructure, including natural environment, thus requiring more effective and accurate monitoring campaigns aimed to provide a continuous real-time alerting in case of potential failures. To date, most monitoring projects are still based on the deployment of several contact sensors, each providing a single point measurement and requiring access to the asset to be monitored with non-negligible impacts on safety. Ground-based Interferometric Radars (GB-InRa) provide remote sensing capability allowing to monitor wide areas  in their entirety and without the need to place any contact sensors; thanks to its intrinsic characteristics, Radar Interferometry can be a fundamental asset to guarantee a 24/7 monitoring of critical infrastructures, granting sub-millimetric displacement accuracy, identification of failure precursors and automatic alarming generation capability. This article is aimed to provide a series of case studies in which InRa technology proved its effectiveness both before and after slope failure.