Effect of Ethnic Differences on Breast Cancer Presentation and Prognosis in Singapore

This manuscript examines the impact of ethnic differences on breast cancer presentation and prognosis among Malay, Chinese, and Indian women in Singapore. Data from the Singapore Cancer Registry and the Joint Breast Cancer Registry reveal significant ethnic differences in age-standardized incidence rates, median age at diagnosis, and screening uptake. Notably, Malay women present with breast cancer at a younger age and exhibit poorer survival rates, despite lower incidence rates. The study also explores the prevalence and outcomes of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) across these ethnic groups, identifying variations in incidence and prognosis. Factors such as lifestyle, obesity, breastfeeding practices, socioeconomic status, and genetic predispositions are considered as potential contributors to these disparities. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve outcomes for ethnic minorities, emphasizing the complexity of breast cancer disparities in Singapore.