A Comprehensive Analysis and Validation of the Modified TRIAD Approach in Soil Ecological Risk Assessment

To protect and manage soil ecosystem from chemical pollution, the implementation of a site-specific soil ecological risk assessment is imperative. The TRIAD approach, endorsed by the International Standardization Organization, serves as a valuable tool for conducting site-specific assessments, integrating chemical, ecotoxicological, and ecological analyses. In Korea, efforts are underway to formulate guidelines based on the TRIAD methodology, organized into three key phases: desk study, TRIAD assessment, and risk management. The desk study phase reviews the need for a soil ecological risk assessment alongside a conceptual site model. If necessary, TRIAD assessments are initiated, considering screening and refined levels and socioeconomic factors. Following the determination of final risk values, a comprehensive risk management plan is created, involving monitoring and strategies such as removing or interrupting contamination sources. Case studies presented in this study demonstrate the adequacy and applicability of the proposed Korean guideline. The modified TRIAD technique and detailed toolbox introduced serve as valuable resources for efficient decision-making in protecting soil ecosystems in contaminated sites. Acknowledgement This work was supported by Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) 2022002450002 (RS-2022-KE002074).