Quantum interference based on beam splitting can be used for entanglement generations and has applications in quantum information. However, interference among photons with different temporal shapes has received little attention. Here we analytically study the interference of two photons with different temporal shapes through a beam splitter (BS), and propose its application in temporal entanglement and shaping of photons. The temporal entanglement is determined by the splitting ratio of BS and the temporal indistinguishability of input photons. Maximum entanglement can be achieved with a 50/50 BS configuration. Then, detecting one of the entangled photons at a specific time enables the probabilistic shaping of the other photon. This process can shape the exponentially decaying (ED) wavepacket into the ED sine shapes, which can be further shaped into Gaussian shapes with a fidelity exceeding 99\%. The temporal entanglement and shaping of photons based on interference may solve the shape mismatch issues in complex large-scale optical quantum networks.
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Tian et al. (2024) studied this question.
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