Dynamic Performance Analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for Power Quality Assessment

With their capability to store energy and perform grid-related functions, fuel cells are crucial for facilitating the integration of renewable energy resources. In this research, a comprehensive model of PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cells including their inherent dynamics is developed for evaluating power quality and harmonics. Theoretical foundation and software implementation of fuel cells are covered in detail. Relevant case studies based on a standard test system are carried out, providing valuable insights into the enhancements of power quality. Simulation results exhibit a noticeable increase in harmonic distortion at the bus points after incorporating the developed fuel cell model. The maximum distortion at the point of common coupling rises from 0.35% to around 0.8% due to the integration of the fuel cell model. The proposed model also affects the voltage and current waveforms, especially the 25th, 29th, and 31st harmonic components, which may degrade the quality of power supply. In general, this study emphasizes the significance of power quality in hydrogen-based technologies and suggests directions for future research to improve the integration of fuel cells by reducing their negative impacts on power quality.