Optimizing Distributed Generation Placement and Profit Maximization in Active Distribution Networks with Harmonics: A GEPSO Approach

Distribution networks (DN) have become active due to distributed generation (DG) at the distribution level. In addition, locational marginal pricing techniques are commonly employed in electricity market transactions. Moreover, the adoption of nodal pricing will lead to a reduction in expenses. Pure sinusoidal waveforms of currents and voltages are used to calculate losses in linear power systems and loads. Due to non-linearities, harmonic frequencies may impact most power systems. The research examines nodal pricing, harmonic losses, and optimal DG size and placement to maximize profit. This arrangement is implemented to maximize the revenues of DN that have included DG to gain several benefits. An innovative model is utilized, known as generalized particle swarm optimization (GEPSO), in the study to achieve the goals of profit maximization and DG placement in the network, even in the presence of harmonics. GEPSO was selected for optimization due to the dynamic nature of active DN with DG, the need to accommodate changing nodal prices, the complexity of power system modeling, and the need to maximize distribution profits. It is suitable for this context because it can handle dynamic, multi-objective tasks and adapt to evolving challenges.