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Developing countries face severe electricity shortage, necessitating sustainable solutions. This paper explores the transformative impact of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage system (ESS) installations on the operational costs of electricity in smart homes within developing regions. The study incorporates the innovative concept of Home to Grid energy exchange (H2G) and integrates these technologies into a comprehensive Home Energy Management System (HEMS). Considering user preferences and system constraints, complementary power sources, including PV, grid power, and batteries, are evaluated. Employing MATLAB/SIMULINK (2017a), the HEMS is modeled and simulated to assess its effectiveness.
Ahmed et al. (2024) studied this question.