Ferrotoroidic order refers to a spontaneous vortex arrangement of magnetic dipoles, which has recently been established as the fourth primary ferroic state of matter. Thus far, ferrotoroidic order has been studied extensively in insulators, but much less investigated in metallic materials. Here, the authors demonstrate the visualization of ferrotoroidic domains in metallic NdB₄ by spatial distribution measurements of optical second harmonic generation (SHG). This study will stimulate research on unique functionalities of ferrotoroidic order in metals, such as an electric current induced domain switching.
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Hayashida et al. (2024) studied this question.
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