The topological phase transition in the Qi-Wu-Zhang model is studied, with particular attention to the appearance of chiral edge-modes in the nontrivial phase. Time-reversal symmetry breaking and its role in the topological phase transition is explicitly demonstrated. An effective Hamiltonian for the topologically protected edge-modes in a finite-size system is developed. The topological phase transition is understood in terms of a global perturbation to the system which lifts the degeneracy of the edge-modes.
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Dasgupta et al. (2024) studied this question.
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