GPU-Initiated Resource Allocation for Irregular Workloads

GPU kernels may suffer from resource underutilization in multi-GPU systems due to insufficient workload to saturate devices when incorporated within an irregular application. To better utilize the resources in multi-GPU systems, we propose a GPU-sided resource allocation method that can increase or decrease the number of GPUs in use as the workload changes over time. Our method employs GPU-to-CPU callbacks to allow GPU device(s) to request additional devices while the kernel execution is in flight. We implemented and tested multiple callback methods required for GPU-initiated workload offloading to other devices and measured their overheads on Nvidia and AMD platforms. To showcase the usage of callbacks in irregular applications, we implemented Breadth-First Search (BFS) that uses device-initiated workload offloading. Apart from allowing dynamic device allocation in persistently running kernels, it reduces time to solution on average by 15.7% at the cost of callback overheads with a minimum of 6.50 microseconds on AMD and 4.83 microseconds on Nvidia, depending on the chosen callback mechanism. Moreover, the proposed model can reduce the total device usage by up to 35%, which is associated with higher energy efficiency.