Factors that Influence Attitudes toward Advance Directives among Hemodialysis Patients

BackgroundEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that has declined to 15% or lower, necessitating lifelong dialysis or kidney transplantation.Around 70% of patients receiving renal replacement therapy for ESRD are treated with hemodialysis, and the incidence of new dialysis patients is increasing rapidly.Cardiovascular and vascular diseases are the primary causes of mortality in individuals with ESRD on dialysis.Given the notably low 10-year survival rate of 40.7%, coupled with the substantial social and economic burden of ESRD, there is a critical need for specific and individualized end-of-life care [1,2].