Register shifts in whistling: Investigating the influence on tongue shaping and gender-related variances

The study examines whistling register changes and the influence of tongue shape. In previous work, [Kaburagi et al., 2018] used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), finding the degree and type of restriction made by the tongue directly impacted whistle F0. [Belyk et.al., 2019] found similar results using real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI), however, did not specifically observe register shifts. This study aimed to validate whistle register shifts and identify their variations among individuals regarding tongue position and gender. We hypothesize that participants with broader whistling ranges will exhibit register shifts based on tongue shape. Measures based on ultrasound imaging of male and female participants recorded while completing whistling exercises will be included in the analysis. This methodology enables tongue movements to be visualized, offering a view of the interplay between whistling registers and tongue configurations. ImageJ analysis results of tongue positions from ultrasound imaging will be presented with relevance to whether individuals produce a shift in their vocal register while whistling, and whether these conclusions depend on gender, as in sung register. Implications will be discussed regarding potential similarities between register changes during whistling and tongue shapes associated with speech.