Comparison of Glasgow Coma Scale Full Outline of UnResponsiveness and Glasgow Coma Scale: Pupils Score for Predicting Outcome in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score is the most widely used clinical score for the initial assessment of neurologically injured patients and is also frequently used for prognostication.Other scores such as the Full Outline of UnResponsivness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupils (GCS-P) score have been more recently developed and are gaining popularity.This prospective cohort study was conducted to compare various scores in terms of their ability to predict outcomes at 3 months in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and methods:The study was carried out between October 2020 and March 2022.Patients who presented to the hospital with TBI were assessed for inclusion.Initial coma scores were assessed in the emergency department and again after 48 hours of admission.Outcome was assessed using the extended Glasgow outcome score (GOSE) at 3 months after injury.The receiver operating curve (ROC) was plotted to correlate coma scores with the outcome, and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared.Results: A total of 355 patients with TBI were assessed for eligibility, of which 204 patients were included in the study.The AUC values to predict poor outcomes for initial GCS, FOUR, and GCS-P scores were 0.75 each.The AUC values for 48-hour coma scores were 0.88, 0.87, and 0.88, respectively. Conclusion:The GCS, FOUR, and GCS-P scores were found to be comparable in predicting the functional outcome at 3 months as assessed by GOSE.However, coma scores assessed at 48 hours were better predictors of poor outcomes at 3 months than coma scores recorded initially at the time of hospital admission.