Comparison of the antimicrobial reduction effect of photodynamic inactivation with the addition of chlorophyll and curcumin photosensitizer in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Enterococcus faecalis

<ns3:p>Background <ns3:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</ns3:italic> and <ns3:italic>Enterococcus faecalis</ns3:italic> are pathogenic bacteria of the oral cavity that cause various diseases such as periodontitis and endodontics. These bacteria are easily resistant to antibiotics. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a method of inactivating microorganisms that utilizes light to activate a photosensitizer agent (PS) that produces reactive oxygen species causing cell lysis. Methods This study used the PDI method with a 405 nm diode laser at various energy density with the addition PS curcumin or chlorophyll Alfalfa, as much as 1.6 mg/ml on <ns3:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans</ns3:italic> and <ns3:italic>E. faecalis</ns3:italic> bacteria. Results The study on <ns3:italic>E. faecalis</ns3:italic> bacteria showed that the energy density diode laser irradiation of 1.59 J/cm² gave the percentage of <ns3:italic>E. faecalis</ns3:italic> bacteria death 36.7% without PS, 69.30% with the addition of chlorophyll Medicago sativa L and 89.42% with the addition of curcumin. Meanwhile, the bacteria <ns3:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans</ns3:italic> showed that the energy density diode laser irradiation of 1.59 J/cm² gave the percentage of bacterial death 35.81% without PS, 64.39% with the addition of chlorophyll Medicago sativa L and 89.82% with the addition of curcumin. PS was critical to the success of the PDI. Conclusions The addition of PS curcumin increased the effectiveness of reducing bacteria <ns3:italic>E. faecalis</ns3:italic> and <ns3:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans</ns3:italic> compared to chlorophyll Medicago sativa L.</ns3:p>