The heart pumps and circulates the blood throughout the system, contracting and relaxing in a rhythm with each beat. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary body function (heart rate, BP, breathing and more), the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), a branch of ANS, is activated in response to exercise and stress. SNS activation releases hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine, which cause an increase in heart rate involving specific receptors on heart cells. It is very well known how the nervous system controls the heart function, this review article summarizes the findings on sympathetic regulation of heart rate. Of note, some pilot experiments were conducted in random groups of high school students to elucidate the effect of exercise on heart rate. A statistically significant increase in heart rate was observed after exercise.
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Malhotra et al. (2024) studied this question.
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