Psychoneuroimmunology in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A Molecular Approach

The human body is constantly at risk from threats like bacteria, viruses, and pollution. While our immune system, especially macrophages, protects us from these threats, overwhelming negative challenges can weaken it, leading to severe diseases. Everyone's immune response varies, making some more resistant to diseases than others. Immunology studies this defence system. Psychoneuroimmunology delves into the connections between psychology, the nervous system, and immunity. Emotional states such as anxiety or stress can weaken one's immune response. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to viruses. Historically, influenza pandemics have resulted in increased mental health issues, with some debates linking the Spanish flu to neurological consequences. Several viruses, including the herpes virus and coronavirus, can impact the brain. Research has shown connections between chronic illnesses, such as HIV and tuberculosis, and mental disorders like depression. Epidemics like SARS and Ebola have also been linked to widespread behavioural reactions and mental disorders in survivors and healthcare workers. Neuropsychiatric disorders can arise from various mechanisms, like cerebral hypoxia or direct brain infections.