Applications of artificial intelligence in closed-loop supply chains: Systematic literature review and future research agenda

In this paper, we present a systematic literature review of the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Closed-loop Supply Chains (CLSC). Through a systematic and unbiased search, we select 303 peer-reviewed articles and examined them to understand the prevalent publication trends, most impactful studies, most influential authors, and most popular journals. We further identify ten most popular AI techniques and evaluated their applications in several CLSC subfields. We identify seven CLSC subfields that can benefit significantly from AI in future. Consequently, we provide a framework containing fifteen research questions that can guide future research on AI applications in CLSC.