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This research examines the optimal 3D geometric parameters and shape of empty diffusers to enhance the mass flow rate of the HAWT rotor plane using a detailed parametric study. Previous works have investigated the use of diffusers to augment turbine power output; however, different curvature surfaces and the effects of all associated angles have not been considered for a thorough evaluation. This work mainly focuses on analyzing the effect of opening angles
Teklemariyem et al. (Sat,) studied this question.