Characteristics Analysis of 2-Bit Digitally Time-Coded Programmable Metasurface Using Vector Synthesis Approach

Digitally coded programmable metasurface (DCPM) plays a pivotal role in manipulating electromagnetic wave propagation in a desired direction. To make them programmable or reconfigurable active devices like PIN and varactor diodes are employed to acquire 2 n number states. This paper analytically and methodologically explores the reflection characteristics of different sizes of 2-bit DCPM at their central frequency through the vector synthesis technique by altering the time-coding sequences. This time-varying coding strategy demonstrates that increasing the number of meta-atom cells or digital time-coded bits in a DCPM enhances its phase tailoring capabilities with stable amplitude in a custom-made form.