Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Till Date and Possibilities in Coming Years

Polycystic ovary disease and syndrome are the less understood entities affecting the structure of the ovaries and thereby leading to various metabolic diseases.Here, an insight into the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and biochemical and genetical alteration is discussed based on the various researches held in last years.Impaired biosynthesis of the specific steroidogenic enzymes causing hormonal imbalances are yet to be studied.Exposure of the androgen in female offsprings leading to insulin resistance in adulthood seen in multiple animal studies needs to be proved in humans too.Animal studies have shown that nerve growth factor is associated with the sympathetic nervous system and raised in the PCOS also contributing to raised levels of catecholamine.The role of Kit Ligand intraovarian cytokine KL signaling and its regulation in human ovaries is to be cleared.More studies like impact of weight reduction, the use of oral contraceptive treatment reduces androgens in PCOS female.Also the role of insulin sensitizers is to be studied in the management of adolescents with PCOS.Polycystic ovarian syndrome demands a broad experimental approach from its identification to treatment.New 'omic' technologies are needed to be utilized to identify the responsible genes/proteins or molecules to treat this disease.It is better to identify the women with PCOS and preventing them against the type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and few hormone-dependent cancers.While more human studies are to be done for a long time on small and large scales to identify the causing factors, risk-reducing factors, treatment and prediction of the other comorbidities or cancers in future due to PCOS.