Secured IoT-Based Neighborhood Area Network for Real-Time Energy Data Management in Smart Grids

In modern smart grid systems, seamless communication between residential areas and central monitoring systems is essential for effective energy management and grid optimization. However, existing communication methods may lack scalability and efficiency. This research proposes an innovative IoT solution for smart grid communication within the Home Area Network (HAN). Voltage and current sensors, serving as smart meters, transmit electronic appliance usage data to NodeMCU devices, selected for cost-effectiveness and versatility in the HAN. Leveraging LoRaWAN for its long-range and low-power communication, a scalable Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) is established in residential areas. The system employs Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for secure data transmission, addressing smart grid and metering challenges. A distributed metering infrastructure with bidirectional communication, self-configuration, and auto-update capabilities is introduced. Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation ensures efficient data transfer for battery-operated NodeMCUs, exhibiting resistance to interference and multipath fading. The base station, a central communication hub, decrypts AES-encrypted data, processes information from various sources, and acts as the interface between the smart grid and consumers, offering personalized data and services. This comprehensive IoT solution enhances communication efficiency, security, and consumer interaction in smart grid environments, contributing to sustainable and reliable energy management.