We study how the recent experimental results constrain the gauge sectors of U(1) extensions of the standard model using a novel representation of the parameter space. We determine the bounds on the mixing angle between the massive gauge bosons, or equivalently, the new gauge coupling as a function of the mass MZ' of the new neutral gauge boson $Z'$ in the approximate range (10⁻²,10⁴)\,GeV/c². We consider the most stringent bounds obtained from direct searches for the $Z'$. We also exhibit the allowed parameter space by comparing the predicted and measured values of the ρ parameter and those of the mass of the W boson. Finally, we discuss the prospects of $Z'$ searches at future colliders.
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Péli et al. (2024) studied this question.
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