Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible and Maxilla; A Clinicopathological Study of 21 cases

Abstract Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) presents as an intraosseous, locally invasive, and infrequent non-neoplastic lesion characterized histologically by multinucleated giant cells amid hemorrhage and reactive fibrous tissue. Despite first being described in 1953, its exact etiology remains elusive, though intraosseous hemorrhages or trauma are considered potential triggers. This retrospective study examines 21 cases of CGCG diagnosed at Temple University Hospital from 2015 to 2022. Predominantly affecting children and young adults with a slight female preponderance, CGCG commonly manifests as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion in the mandible. Clinical presentation varies, with some cases being asymptomatic while others present with pain or fullness in the affected dental region. Differential diagnosis may include conditions like ameloblastoma or brown tumor, necessitating histological evaluation for confirmation. Our findings underscore CGCG's non-neoplastic nature, its propensity for mandibular involvement, and the importance of distinguishing it from neoplastic conditions for appropriate management.