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Total suspended solids (TSS) refers to all the material from a well-mixed sample retained by a filter media. In the case of environmental water samples, TSS is commonly used to measure sediment in surface waters (field runoff, ditches, and streams) but can also be present in subsurface flow where macropore flow or surface inlets to tile drainage systems are present. In some cases, TSS can also include algae or other plant materials that comprise volatile suspended solids (VSS) because combustion in a muffle furnace eliminates them. The recommended method for measuring TSS includes passing a known sample volume through a pre-weighed filter and measuring the oven-dry weight of the material trapped on the filter.
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Brent Dalzell (2024) studied this question.
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