In endometriosis-related pneumothorax surgery, presence of endometriotic nodules increases postoperative air leaks and long-term relapse

Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) represent between 20 and 35 % of premenopausal pneumothorax and is related to endometriosis in 50 % of cases [1,2]. Endometriosis-related non-catamenial pneumothorax (ER non-CP) represent between 6 and 10 % of pneumothorax among women of child bearing age [2–6]. Macroscopic and pathological lesions, described in both CP and ER non-CP, include diaphragmatic defect and pleural nodules [7–10]. These macroscopic lesions impact surgical management. During follow-up, CP and ER non-CP are associated with higher rate of postoperative recurrence and prolonged air leaks compared to idiopathic pneumothorax [11].