Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), is an indispensable tool for contemporary medicine. Moreover, the advent of multi-nuclei MRI imaging, such as 1 H/ 19 F imaging using perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoparticles, can detail anatomical and molecular information in a single session. It has revolutionized the field of molecular diagnostics and therapy monitoring by offering unprecedented insights into the physiological and pathological processes. While 1 H MRI can reveal the object's anatomy, the ubiquitous presence of 1 H in biological materials hinders effectiveness in tracking specific substances within the body (e.g., targeted drug delivery). Contrarily, as natural 19 F is rare inside the body, it can serve as a marker for tracing substances with high specificity, thereby providing an accurate measure of the disease's extent or treatment efficacy.
Fan et al. (2024) studied this question.