Characterization of Heavy Metal Contamination in Groundwater of Typical Mining Area in Hunan Province

This paper mainly carries out the research work by analysing and testing the groundwater quality in typical mining areas, based on the hydrogeochemical investigation data of groundwater monitoring points, and analyses the statistical characteristics of different index factors in antimony mining areas by using Spss and Surfer software. Firstly, using the standard deviation feature analysis, it is found that mining is more sensitive to the impact of As and Sb, and the degree of its pollution is the most serious, and the exceeding rate reaches 100%; later, the results of the analysis through the principal component analysis method show that the first principal component a1 has a higher correlation with Sb and Se in the original variables, the second principal component a2 has a stronger positive correlation with Ba in the original variables, and a stronger negative correlation with Mo, and the third principal component a3 has a stronger positive correlation with Mn in the original variables, and the negative correlation between Co and the third principal component is stronger. Finally, the correlation between each heavy metal indicator factor and the other six indicator factors was calculated by Spss software analysis to find out the pattern of the order of strength of the correlation of the indicator factors, and it was concluded that the concentration of Se and Mo had a stronger correlation with the other heavy metals in the study area, whereas the correlation of Mn and Co with the other influencing factors was lower. This paper summarises and refines the statistical characteristics of groundwater hydrogeochemistry in the mining area to provide reference for the diagnosis, prevention and control of groundwater pollution risk in this and similar mining areas.