Shared whole environmental etiology between Alzheimer's disease and Age-related macular degeneration

Abstract The comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been established in clinical and genetic studies. There is growing interest in determining the shared environmental factors associated with both conditions. Recent advancements in record linkage techniques enable us to identify the contributing factors to AD and AMD from a wide range of variables. As such, we firstly constructed a knowledge graph based on the literature, which included all statistically significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease AD and AMD. An Environment-Wide Association Study (EWAS) was conducted to assess the contribution of various environmental factors to the comorbidity of AD and AMD based on the UK biobank. Based on the conditional QQ plots and Bayesian algorithm, several shared environmental factors were identified, which could be categorized into the domains of health condition, biological sample parameters, body index, and attendance availability. Finally, we generated a shared etiology landscape for AD and AMD by combining existing knowledge with our novel findings.