Modelling and Simulation of UWB Channel for Indoor Localization System

Localization is the most important and interesting area for research work in wireless networking systems. Indoor Localization System (ILS) with UWB signal dispenses precise and real-time positioning of any target node or person within an Indoor area system. This system determines the location of the target in a particular indoor environment constantly and on a time basis with the actual time mode of operation. There are different applications in Indoor area systems such as in shopping malls, In the military, in the health care system, museums, in IOT, etc. It is very requisite to find a definite and reliable channel model for UWB localization in ILS. The IEEE 802.15.3a standardization is meant for the UWB indoor channel model for Wireless PAN, which offers low cost with less consumption of power along with high data rate to WPAN devices. The operation of localization is carried out using two steps: ranging and positioning. With these two steps, the distance value (between label and base stations) and the coordinate value of the target point are evaluated, respectively. The multipath fading model adapted in The IEEE802.15.3a standard is based upon the Saleh- Valenzuela (S-V) model through a couple of modifications. According to the path amplitude distribution, the different models for channel parameters can be given as Rayleigh distribution, Ricean Distribution, Log normal distribution, etc. The S-V model suggested Rayleigh distribution in favor of multipath gain magnitude. This paper includes the modified S-V model, which is applied for the simulation of different UWB Channel models that are CM1, CM-2, CM-3, and CM-4. It also includes the UWB simulation system, which undergoes averaging and correlation of the received UWB signal with the original transmitted UWB signal to find the ToA data to locate the target in an indoor area system. The operation is carried out in CM-2, which corresponds to the S-V model with Rayleigh distribution in a typical indoor scenario.